PSG OfficialCitation Standard

PSG Author–Date Citation Format

PSG Format is the official author–date citation format of Panorama Scholarly Group. It uses a Chicago-style author–date structure, APA-informed digital metadata practices, and PSG-specific rules for DOI normalization, multilingual references, datasets, software, AI tools, and reference integrity.

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Core PatternAuthor. Year. “Article Title.” Journal Name Volume, no. Issue: Pages. https://doi.org/…

I. In-Text Citations

PSG in-text citations use the author–year form in parentheses. Surnames only; no comma between author and year.

Type	PSG Format
1 author	(Smith 2024)
2 authors	(Smith and Lee 2024)
3 authors	(Smith, Lee, and Wang 2024)
4 or more authors	(Smith et al. 2024)
With page number	(Smith 2024, 25)
Page range	(Smith 2024, 25–27)
Multiple sources	(Chen 2021; Kim 2022; Smith 2024)
No date	(Smith n.d.)
Same author, same year	(Smith 2024a, 2024b)

II. Reference List Formats

1. Journal Article

Last, First, and First Last. Year. “Title.” Journal Vol, no. Issue: Pages. https://doi.org/…

Smith, John A., Helen K. Lee, and Ming Wang. 2024. “Artificial Intelligence and Administrative Reform in Local Government.” Journal of Public Governance and Society 12, no. 2: 45–63. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxx

In-text: (Smith, Lee, and Wang 2024)

2. Article Number (no page range)

Chen, Li, and Sungho Park. 2023. “Digital Learning Anxiety among University Students.”Educational Psychology Review 35, no. 2: Article 108. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxx

In-text: (Chen and Park 2023)

3. Book

Last, First. Year. Book Title: Subtitle. Place: Publisher.

Giddens, Anthony. 1991. Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

In-text: (Giddens 1991)

4. Book Chapter

Lee, Hyun K. 2022. “Artificial Intelligence in Public Administration.” In Digital Governance in Asia, edited by John Smith and Robert Brown, 55–78. Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxx

In-text: (Lee 2022, 60)

5. Webpage

Panorama Scholarly Group. 2026. “Publication Ethics.” Accessed June 24, 2026. https://example.com/publication-ethics

In-text: (Panorama Scholarly Group 2026)

6. Government or Institutional Report

Ministry of Education. 2024. Annual Report on Higher Education Development. Seoul: Ministry of Education. https://example.gov/report

In-text: (Ministry of Education 2024)

7. Chinese-Language Source

Original-language title + English translation in square brackets. Author names romanized (Pinyin).

Wang, Ming, and Hua Li. 2023. “数字治理背景下的公共服务改革 [Public Service Reform in the Context of Digital Governance].” 公共行政研究 [Public Administration Research] 15, no. 2: 45–58. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxx

In-text: (Wang and Li 2023)

8. Korean-Language Source

Kim, Minsoo. 2024. “공공기관의 디지털 전환과 조직성과 [Digital Transformation and Organizational Performance in Public Institutions].” 한국행정학보 [Korean Public Administration Review] 58, no. 1: 101–125. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxx

In-text: (Kim 2024)

9. Dataset

Lee, Sungho. 2024. Survey Data on Digital Public Service Satisfaction in South Korea. Data set. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxx

In-text: (Lee 2024)

10. Software / GitHub Repository

Chen, Li. 2024. OJS Reference Checker. Source code. GitHub. https://github.com/example/ojs-reference-checker

In-text: (Chen 2024)

11. AI Tool

OpenAI. 2026. ChatGPT. Large language model. https://chat.openai.com/

In-text: (OpenAI 2026)

III. Fixed Rules

Element	PSG Rule
In-text style	Author–year parenthetical; no comma between author and year
Year position	After author in reference list; no brackets
Article title	English curly/typographic quotes “ ”; period inside closing quote
Journal name	Italic (plain text: no special markup)
Volume & issue	12, no. 2
Page range	45–63 (en-dash, not hyphen)
Article number	Article 108
DOI format	Must be https://doi.org/…
After DOI	No trailing period after DOI or URL
After URL (no DOI)	No trailing period
Multilingual title	Original title + [English translation] in square brackets
Author connector	and (not &)
4+ authors in-text	et al.
Author format (1st)	Last, First (inverted)
Author format (others)	First Last (natural order)

IV. Official Definition

PSG Format is the official author–date citation format of Panorama Scholarly Group. It uses a Chicago-style author–date structure, APA-informed digital metadata practices, and PSG-specific rules for DOI normalization, multilingual references, datasets, software, AI tools, and reference integrity.

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